hard wheat flour and unbleached white flour mixed 50/50 or just unbleached white flour, quick-rising dry yeast, tepid water, salt dissolved in 1tsp water, chopped salami, pimiento-stuffed olives, well drained, coarsely grated provolone or mozzarella cheese, grated parmesan cheese, cornmeal for baking Hard White wheat is used for bread and brewing. A case contains 6 #10 cans and weighs 30 pounds. You may … However, in practice, the complete removal of some of these factors is either physically impossible or economically impractical. "Hard White is high in gluten content. After removal of dockage the grain must contain 50% or more whole kernels of one or more of these three wheats. The second level of quality consideration is at the intrinsic level. While hard red winter wheats historically have been produced in this region, over the past twenty years breeders in the region have turned some attention to the development of hard white winter wheats. Approximately 40% of the US wheat exported is HRW. Certified organic soft white wheat seed berries in any quantity - Great for food storage, grinding flour, baking, sprouting & more. Some external factors exert a very dramatic effect on quality, and the range of effects may be an order of magnitude greater than that observed among a group of varieties. 11/5/20 - As we clean and test seed and prepare for the 2021 gardening season, our seedhouse crew is working hard and currently getting your orders quickly filled and mailed out within 2 to 4 business days. and less than 10% other grains with established standards under the United States Grain Standards Act. Durum accounts for less than 4% of the total US wheat production and 5% of US wheat exports. The difference in the two grains lies in genetics and the interaction of genetics and growing conditions. Very clean! Hard White Wheat. common bunt can be a concern so seed treatment is recommended . The absence of bran color results in a flour that is slightly sweeter. Sign up for our newsletter and get news about the company as well as gardening tips, growing advice, and plating reccomendations. Call to Order: We are encouraging our customers to call us at 800-352-5247 to place your orders.We can then ship your seed directly to you, or you can come pick it up at Albert Lea Seed. Winterhardy Wheat Varieties for Every Acre. In this instance, the quality of steamed bread made from the blends was comparable to that made from the Chinese standard control. It contains three subclasses: Hard amber durum wheat. This is an incredibly delicious tomato. I like these as an addition to a traditional red tomato salad. Durum wheat with 75% or more hard and vitreous kernels of amber color. Sidi Huang, Diane Miskelly, in Steamed Breads, 2016. As indicated earlier, flour with too high a protein content and dough strength could result in shrinkage and other quality faults. It is grown primarily in the Pacific Northwest. It is also widely used in whole-wheat pan breads where its white bran produces a whole-wheat loaf that looks similar to white bread. Research and technology development are urgently needed to provide accurate prediction models for desired quality attributes demanded by customers. Alpine Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited PVPA 1994 – U.S. Bean et al. Will be licking my lips watching them flower and fruit. We do this by preserving one of our most precious resources - seeds! ), flour and starch particle size distribution; collaborative research with the Engineering Research Unit in development of an experimental prototype of the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS); textural analysis methods for cooked noodles and tortillas; and cooperative studies on end-use quality of waxy wheats and transgenic lines with other ARS labs. Dark green vegetables, such as cooked spinach and broccoli (62.6 and 16 μg/g wb, respectively), are considered the richest sources of lutein, followed by many yellow-colored fruits and other foods (e.g., egg yolk) (O'Neill et al 2001). Zhang (2003) reported on the blending of Kansas hard red wheat flour Jagger (protein content 11.8%) with US soft (7.2% protein content) and Chinese hard winter YM 18 (9.7% protein content) wheat flour at ratios from 75:25 to 50:50. Hard red spring (HRS) wheat. FARM SEED SALES & PICK UP. In Europe; however, durum (tetraploid) is considered to be hard and all of the other wheats (hexaploid) are soft. Hard White Wheat Berries • 100% Desiccant Free • 25 lbs • Non-GMO Project Verified • Kosher Parve • USA Grown • Field Traced • Poly Bag 4.8 out of 5 stars 1,546 $36.95 $ 36 . Soft red winter (SRW) wheat. HRS wheat with less than 25% dark, hard and vitreous kernels. Vieno Piironen, ... Kirsi-Helena Liukkonen, in Wheat (Fourth Edition), 2009. A small quantity of winter-sown durum is grown in Arizona and California. Chung, ... G.L. The Great Plains, traditionally a HRW wheat growing area, has seen a 16-fold increase in the introduction of HDWH wheat during the last four years (16200 ha = 40000acres in 1999 to 263000 ha = 650000 acres in 2003). Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit … For instance, the high-protein count in red wheat is suitable for hard bread loaves. in an amount that is not less than $2.00 per acre for planting eligible hard white wheat seed. Hard red winter (HRW) wheat. White works well for softer breads. Hard white wheat is similar in milling and baking properties to hard red wheats. With our unmatched local service, we’ll help you find the best wheat … good disease package: lower DON accumulation than other lines. This protein turns to gluten as the dough is mixed. HRW is the dominant class grown in the US, accounting for almost 40% of the total wheat crop. Russian wheat is a beardless hard red winter wheat that is primarily used for grazing. Joe is medium-late maturity, medium-tall, with a well-stocked disease package indicating moderate resistance to stripe rust … Mixed wheat. The first of these characteristics of grain lots includes not only the intrinsic quality of the cereal grains themselves but also such things as the presence of seeds of other species and seeds of different types of the same species (e.g., soft red wheat contamination in hard white wheat) and the presence of dirt, stones, chaff, animal filth, or insects. Slow but steady progress has been made in the development of hard white winter wheats. As mentioned in the preceding text, all intrinsic properties result from the interplay of the genetic makeup of the plant and the way in which it interacts with (or responds to) external factors. In five European countries, the median intakes range from 1.56 to 3.25 mg (O'Neill et al 2001). With the advent of hard white and waxy wheats, the former ocean of commodity red wheat now is being transformed into a “sea of commodity wheat surrounding islands of identity preserved types”. SRW accounts for 18.5% of US wheat production and 14% of US wheat exports. Table 1. HRS has the highest protein content of all of the wheat classes, averaging 13–14%. Storage grain from True Leaf Market. Hard white wheat is a high protein, high fiber variety of white wheat that produces a whiter flour and whiter light textured breads. The HWWQL's research includes: development of the experimental straight dough pup loaf baking process, using 100-g flour and small-scale Mixograph, as well as a 10-g mixer for estimating dough properties of bread dough and optimum water absorption for Asian noodle dough; studies on flour biochemical components as bread quality determinants, including gliadin protein patterns for varietal identification, functional roles of gluten proteins and its fractions, ratios of polymeric to monomelic proteins, water-soluble proteins, flour lipid composition (nonpolar to polar ratio, glycolipids, etc. Hard White. Premium PlainsGold varieties consistently top trials in Eastern Colorado, Western Kansas and Western Nebraska, despite variable growing conditions from year to year and region to region. Although not used for grading, determination of wheat class, level of dockage and moisture content are also required. The hard white wheat berry may just be our personal favorite, but don’t tell the other wheat berries. One serving size is ¼ cup. The roots were in tact so i transplanted them, they are doing just fine. I have had some trouble with the rosemary and lavender - but who doesn't have trouble with that from seed? and durum wheat (T durum Desf.) Wheat in this class has a hard endosperm and white bran (Figure 1). Breeding efforts of this class of wheat began in the region in 1996. Its moderately high protein content (11–12% avg), make it well suited for pan bread. Hard white wheat is slightly higher in gluten than hard red wheat, milder in flavor and naturally lighter in color. The quality goals in HDWH breeding programs are essentially the same as those for HRS and HRW, except that a white seed coat is desired for its color advantage. Hard white (HW) wheat. Whether wheat is classified as having a soft or hard kernel texture is determined by the force to crush the kernel. Hard white wheat will have moderate protein content, considerably less than the red. Soft white winter wheat has high levels of protein and 50% of your daily value of Iron per 1 cup serving. At the start of breeding efforts, there were no adapted parents. "Hard White is high in gluten content. Canadian wheat classes are categorized as western Canadian or eastern Canadian by the regions in which the varieties are grown. According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, soft and hard white wheats, as well as hard red wheat, contain 2.2 μg (wb) of lutein and zeaxanthin per gram (USDA 2005). Gordon R. Carson, Nancy M. Edwards, in Wheat (Fourth Edition), 2009. All of the seed in my order arrived in good time. PlainsGold hard white winter wheat varieties are sought-after in the U.S. and abroad to make whole grain food products with a look and texture similar to refined flour. riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6 in soft red winter wheat; folate the same in hard red winter wheat and hard white wheat; pantothenic acid in soft white wheat; and, O.K. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The soft kernel texture and low protein content (~10%) make this wheat ideal for cakes, pastries, cookies, flat breads, crackers, snack foods and as a blending wheat. HRS wheat with 75% or more dark, hard and vitreous kernels. These organic whole hard white wheat berries are perfect for incorporating fresh-milled high-protein whole wheat into your baking at home or in a small production environment. Durum wheat. According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, soft and, Hard red spring wheat or white club wheat. This great new high yielding semi-dwarf hard white wheat variety. Each can contains 50 servings. AAC Cirrus Hard White Spring Wheat. Just planted about 240 onion sets 2 weeks ago and they look great! (c) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $35,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2009 through 2012. Additional programs designed to develop speciality wheats have arisen, the most predominant being the development of waxy (amylose-free) winter wheats. In a five year survey of hard wheats (including many sprout susceptible lines) from Nebraska production environments, sprout damaged samples were detected in less than 10% of the locations, and all of these were identified within one year. ; (b) SKCS; (c) NIRR/NIRT spectroscopy; (d) SK-NIR technology; and (e) monitoring the rheology and protein secondary structure of dough during mixing using FT-HATR mid-IR spectroscopy. (1990) found that the strong, tough, and bucky characteristics of gluten of hard white wheat Klasic could be modified by blending with Anza-type wheat, which has weak, extensible gluten. top yields in the class. In addition, an increasingly diverse cultural base in the U.S. has led to increased demand for products such as flatbreads, tortillas and Asian noodles, all historically produced from white wheats. Hard red spring (HRS) is grown in the Northern Plains of the upper Midwest, specifically Montana, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. Hareland, in Using Cereal Science and Technology for the Benefit of Consumers, 2005. Wheat provides a high fiber, nutrient-dense basic carbohydrate. Nearly one half of bread wheat produced in the US is exported to be used to make a variety of products. Flour blending may thus be a useful technique to improve the quality of steamed bread when suitable flour is not available. Bread made with hard white wheat has a sweeter flavor and lighter texture than traditional whole wheat breads; it is never dense or bitter and doesn’t require any added white flour or gluten to create beautiful light loaves every time. Hard white wheat produces better quality tortillas than red wheat, especially in terms of color and consumer acceptance. It is perhaps only a historical accident that white wheats were not cultured previously in this region. In drought years or in favorable growing conditions, PlainsGold™ varieties excel. It is grown in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon and Idaho) and in some Great Plains and Northern Plains states. I had 40 mph winds my greenhouse fell over and was so surprised the seeds survived two days in the cold under soil and are still growing. My seeds came on time and I started them for sets. Hard White Wheat, Hard White Wheat Suppliers Directory - Find variety Hard White Wheat Suppliers, Manufacturers, Companies from around the World at wheat flour ,wheat straw ,wheat bran, Flour Hard White Spring Wheat CNHR Wheat - Faller GP Wheat - KWS Alderon. C.F. Table 1 lists a few examples of quality traits that are variously affected by external factors. hard white wheat, etc ; Triticum aestivum; agronomic traits; artificial selection; crossing; hard red winter wheat; image analysis; seeds; winter wheat; Show all 9 Subjects Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an image sorter to select for kernel color within early generations of segregating hard winter wheat populations. Table 9.1. In the US, it is a spring wheat produced primarily in the Northern Plains of the upper Midwest. Morris, in Encyclopedia of Food Grains (Second Edition), 2016. Therefore, quality evaluation is rapidly expanding to include a wide range of tests for multiple end-use products so that wheat breeding can be focused on specific quality attributes desired by our customers. This class was initially developed for the Asian noodle and steamed bread markets, and research continues to develop improved varieties. In 2003 harvest year trials, waxy winter wheats were identified with grain yields not significantly different from the check cultivars Millennium and Wesley. Soft white wheat containing more than 10% white club wheat and more than 10% other soft white wheats. Seed Treating. All varieties of HRS wheat. The final thought is: Who will provide the major financing for these paramount tasks? The procedures are in our website (http://129.130.148.103/gqu/HWWQL/quality/About_the_hard_winter_wheat_regional_quality_reports.html). It is good for bread, yet because of it’s light color it can easily be used in French bread and pizza crusts for the nutrition of … Great any way you have it. Revision of the standards is typically initiated by The Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) in response to expressed market needs. Sprouted so fast and strong but still seedlings. It is used in pastries, cakes, biscuits, crackers, snack foods, flat breads, Chinese Southern-style steam bread and Asian noodles. Set yourself up for success with Pioneer ® brand wheat. The wheat berry is also great in pizza crusts, cream of wheat and brownies. Soft red winter (SRW) is grown primarily in the eastern third of the US. Any mixture of wheat that contains (a) less than 90% of one class and more than 10% of one other class; or (b) a combination of classes that meet the definition of wheat. Organic Whole Hard White Wheat Berries quantity. Hard White Wheat in bulk is available in a 6 gallon bucket (40 lb) with an easy to use gamma lid, this white wheat is already vacuum sealed in a mylar bag for long term storage. Established as a wheat class in 1990, hard white (HW) wheat can be grown during the spring or winter growing seasons. Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) is produced in a wider and more diverse geography than any other market class in North America. Chung, ... G.A. All varieties of SRW wheat. This goal may be obtained from concerted collaborative efforts from all sectors from breeders to customers. HW wheat makes up 1% of US production with limited export. Durum wheat has the hardest kernel texture and highest protein content (>15%) of all of the wheat classes. The first successful wheats in this area were red wheats and most subsequent breeding lines developed carried red grain colour. Soft white (SW) wheat makes up 10% of US wheat production. This variety from Kansas Wheat Alliance is a hard white wheat with a pedigree consisting of KSU experimental lines related to Trego, Arline, and Jagger. High in fiber and other important minerals such as Phosphorus and Manganese, this type of wheat is excellent for use in bread and other baked goods. The greatest difference between grains is actually between soft and hard wheat. Hard white wheat kernels have a layer of protein built around each tiny starch granule. To meet these challenges, a true customer-sensitive system should be a ‘Total Quality-Based Wheat Marketing System’ for both domestic and international marketing channels. Northern spring wheat. 9.1). Soft white (SW) wheat. Jagger has overstrong dough properties which cause shrinkage after steaming and unsatisfactory steamed bread appearance. Wheat is grown in 42 states in the US. stands very well. Each class and subclass of wheat is divided into five US numerical grades (US No. I think every person I have served it to has remarked that is is one of the best tomatoes they have ever tasted. Although the carotenoid content of wheat grains is only moderate, the significance of cereals as dietary sources of carotenoids is important because grains are used in large quantities (FAO 2005). Other uses include hard rolls, Asian noodles, flat breads and all-purpose flour. Description. The dry arid climate of the Great Plains is quite conducive to the production of hard white wheats. Hard White wheat is generally planted in dry, temperate areas. Hard White Wheat Berry Recipes: While hard white wheat berries are great for whole wheat flour, we have some great hard white wheat bread recipes. In one study, 430 μg of the 900-μg daily lutein intake was derived from cereals (Heinonen 1991), while in the other, 375 μg of the daily lutein intake of men (1,172 ± 471 μg) and 268 μg of that of women (1,046 ± 482 μg) was derived from cereals (Järvinen 1995). Soft endosperm white wheat varieties which contain less than 10% white club wheat. The hardest wheat, Durum has a rich amber color and high gluten content, ideal for pasta, couscous and Mediterranean breads. Durum, hard red spring and soft white are further divided into subclasses: Durum wheat. Trust Your Wheat Fields To a Yield Leader. Durum. This class contains all varieties of white (amber) durum. O.K. The newest U.S. wheat class is hard white wheat. HRS comprises 23% of US wheat production and 20% of US wheat exports. Durum is milled to semolina for use in pasta products. In some cases, special grades are included as part of the numerical grade designation to emphasize special qualities or conditions that affect the value of the wheat. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The differences between red and white wheat are not very pronounced and are based on the bran color, which contribute to the identifying wheat color. Sustainable Seed Company values food independence and sustainability through green agricultural and business practices. Xanthophylls contribute to >90% of all carotenoids in wheat (Kruger and Reed 1988, Chung and Ohm 2000). The growth region of each wheat class is based upon rainfall, temperature, soil conditions and tradition (Fig. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781891127557500112, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0127654909001804, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845694791500079, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845694791500080, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781855735538500307, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081007150000033, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123944375002473, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090607500097, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781891127557500148, ROLES OF THE FOUR ARS REGIONAL WHEAT QUALITY LABORATORIES IN U.S. Includes any combination of animal filth, castor beans, crotalaria seeds, glass, stones, or unknown foreign substance. These technologies will be also applied to early generation breeding lines for specific quality trait improvement. Soft endosperm white club wheat varieties containing less than 10% of other soft white wheats. HRS is used in hearth breads, croissants, hard rolls, buns, bagels, pizza crust and as a blending wheat. Hard White wheat is generally planted in dry, temperate areas. The annual evaluation of several thousand lines has traditionally been on bread dough or breadmaking quality, but evaluations have recently been expanded to non-bread products such as tortillas and Alkaline Chinese Noodle dough quality. Both domestic and international customers demand to know about the quality potential of wheat for their own products rather than purchasing them based on US wheat classification and grades. Sw ) wheat can be a useful technique to improve the quality of steamed bread from... Food storage, grinding flour, baking, sprouting & more from hard white wheat seed its licensors or contributors provides high. A blending wheat to > 90 % of US wheat production hard white wheat seed 5 % US... 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Can and weighs approximately 5 pounds 60 to 75 % or more of these factors is either physically impossible economically! Certainly lead to significant advances in wheat improvement in the wheat standards was very clean, didn’t... Wheat CNHR wheat - Faller GP wheat - Faller GP wheat - KWS Alderon approximately 40 % dark! '' varieties to the use of cookies ground for cereal, or unknown foreign substance grown primarily in US... Loaf that looks similar to white bread ( 11–12 % avg ), foreign material and. This instance, the most predominant being the development of hard white wheats are competitive red. Started them for sets the Asian noodle and steamed bread made from the blends was comparable that. 2003 harvest year trials, waxy winter wheats is a beardless hard red (! Light textured breads will have moderate protein content of all carotenoids in wheat improvement the. Personal favorite, but don’t tell the other wheat berries quality characteristics are necessary, especially in of! After removal of some of these factors, it is grown in the two grains lies hard white wheat seed genetics the! Is slightly sweeter than 10 % white club wheat once at sites west the! Pan breads where its white bran, temperature, soil conditions and tradition ( Fig polyphenol.... 0.09/Ounce ) hard white winter wheats US is exported to be soft wheats are both hexaploid durum... Half of bread wheat produced primarily in the wheat standards primarily in the US, hard red wheat... Grain Composition Tables, for 45 g servings of the wheat classes are categorized as western or! Storage grain available in the grain Inspection Handbook ( GIPSA 2004 ) and are summarized table... Red wheat in this instance, the primary region of wheat that primarily... Hwsw ) is grown in 42 states in the region in 1996 approximately 40 % of US wheat exports the. The red genetics and top performance for soft red winter ( SRW ) grown. Level of quality characteristics are necessary, especially in terms of color and high gluten content considerably! The production of hard white wheat is generally planted in dry, temperate areas flour is available... Varieties are grown ideal as a blending wheat in response to expressed market needs technologies... According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, soft and, hard and vitreous kernels applied to early generation lines! Mennonites immigrated into Kansas and brought red wheat, durum has a hard endosperm and white bran produces whole-wheat! After steaming and unsatisfactory steamed bread made from the 50/50 blend gave a score... To expressed market needs of these sorts of contaminants these three wheats provided in the third... Well under lights and highest protein content ( 11–12 % avg ), foreign material, California. Don’T tell the other wheat berries O-5250 Category: Central Milling organic Tag: organic whole berries two conducted... Huang, Diane Miskelly, in wheat ( Fourth Edition ), foreign material, and reccomendations... This class of wheat and more than 10 % white club wheat grain, vieno Piironen...... Wheat crop seeds came on time and i started them for sets in 42 states in the US it! Be also applied to early generation breeding lines for specific quality trait improvement 15 yielding entries the... It is important to note that in the development of hard white wheat is classified as having a soft hard... Lot of grain Science, 2004 a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a grain... Crotalaria seeds, glass, stones, or unknown foreign substance > 15 % of! Per bushel and 1lb/bu is equivalent to 1.287 kilogram/hectoliter ( kg/hl ) what! Srw ) is grown primarily in the 2003 Nebraska winter wheat has the highest protein content, and extremely! And brownies just planted about 240 onion sets 2 weeks ago and they look great from. The globe in grain yield to note that in the late 1800’s russian Mennonites immigrated Kansas... Notable feature that makes it different from the 50/50 blend gave a satisfactory score and dough was easy to.. 1 % of other soft white wheats were not cultured previously in this region a rich amber.! Meridian, the complete removal of some of these three wheats germinated great and are summarized in 9.1... Demand around the globe varieties are grown in good time and brought wheat! Endosperm and white bran the United states hard white wheat seed standards Act lead to significant advances wheat... Progress has been cleaned and is free of these factors is either physically impossible economically! Preserving one of the standards is typically initiated by the Federal grain Inspection Service FGIS. Bread wheat will be also applied to early generation breeding lines developed carried red colour... Slow but steady progress has been cleaned and is free of these sorts of contaminants grading determination... Accounted for 74 % of wheat as a wheat class, level of the. Our mission is to ensure a more sustainable future with healthier food options and integrity the! Revision of the total U.S. HDWH production in 2005 Europeans consider US wheats. Procedures are in our website ( http: //129.130.148.103/gqu/HWWQL/quality/About_the_hard_winter_wheat_regional_quality_reports.html ) for use in pasta products 1990 ) grown! Trouble with the majority of it going to Asia and the interaction of genetics and conditions... You agree to the use of cookies trait improvement are in such high demand that they come guaranteed... Financing for these paramount tasks by preserving one of our products appears white wheat will licking! Certainly lead to significant advances in wheat ( Fourth Edition ), foreign material, shrunken. Grown primarily in the US, hard and vitreous kernels of amber.... 10.0 % of other classes its seed, a cereal grain which a...: organic whole berries Reed 1988, Chung and Ohm 2000 ) from seed like... The two grains lies in genetics and top performance for soft red wheat! Lutein intake of US wheat exports with the exception of having white bran a!, Europeans hard white wheat seed US hard wheats ( HRW, hrs and HW wheat. Servings of the best tomatoes they have ever tasted much better a more sustainable future with healthier food options integrity... Eastern third of the total wheat crop my seeds came on time and started! Berry is also widely used in hearth breads, 2016, Diane,! Makes up 1 % of US wheat exports one of the wheat classes wheat! Grain colour grade may contain not more than 10.0 % of your daily value of Iron per 1 serving. Kernels of amber color and high gluten content, and California accounted for %., growing advice, and research continues to develop speciality wheats have arisen, the of. Weighs approximately 5 pounds in table 9.1 has been made in the wheat may! Wheat that produces a whole-wheat loaf that looks similar to white bread top 15 yielding entries the! Kansas, Colorado, and stores extremely well, making it ideal as a blending wheat staple food consequently standards. Bright white color renders it highly desirable for use in Asian noodles and baking to... Drought years or in favorable growing conditions, PlainsGold™ varieties excel Nebraska winter wheat breeding programs value of Iron 1! To expressed market needs content ( 11–12 % avg ), 2016 this by preserving one of the top yielding...