The amount of gamma radiation produced by the isotopes that can escape from the lamp is negligible.[5]. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. There are four basic types of lamps considered as HID light sources: Mercury vapour, Low pressure sodium, High pressure sodium and; Metal halide. The effect of this is that the lamp glows for a while and then goes out, repeatedly. [10], visible light per unit of electric power consumed, "Laser light for headlights: latest trend in car lighting", "Replacement of mercury in high-pressure discharge lamps by metallic zinc", "HID Lamps Containing Radiation Emitters", "Philips Digital Projection Lighting Product Safety Data Sheet (PSDS)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-intensity_discharge_lamp&oldid=997503775, Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 20:58. No. Life values of discharge lamps for general lighting 3.1 Double-capped fluorescent lamps The nominal life values given are based on a 12 h-switching cycle (11 h "On", 1 h "Off") and a failure rate B10 (life 12B10). Shortwave UV, a result of the decay of mercury atom electrons from an excited to a stable state, is readily transmitted through the inner quartz tube but is virtually blocked by the outer glass envelope during normal operation. This courseware module is part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER Initiative. Grp. It can also be called a metal halide lamp. These areas include gymnasiums, large public areas, warehouses, movie theaters, football stadiums,[8] outdoor activity areas, roadways, parking lots, and pathways. There are three high intensity discharge (HID) lamps: mercury vapor (MV), metal halide (MH), and high-pressure sodium (HPS). The color may vary from lamp to lamp and may shift over the life of the lamp and during dimming. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metallic admixture. P… The presence of neon gas serves to start the discharge and to develop enough heat to vaporize the sodium. The advantages are the better stability of the lamp, especially for elements like antimony, mercury and tin, and the higher intensity. Two metals are commonly used, sodium and mercury, because their characteristics give useful radiations within the visible spectrum. Most HID lamps produce significant UV radiation and require UV-blocking filters to prevent UV-induced degradation of lamp fixture components and fading of dyed items illuminated by the lamp. Life values of discharge lamps for general lighting 3.1 Double-capped fluorescent lamps The nominal life values given are based on a 12 h-switching cycle (11 h "On", 1 h "Off") and a failure rate B10 (life 12B10). They are known to last for a considerable period of time and you can find them in car and other vehicle headlights. Discharge lamps, like most other types of lamp, have a finite life. Eg: fluorescent lamps. Names for specific types of lamps can refer to different such aspects; for example, a neon lamp indicates that a discharge in neon gas is used (possibly with added other gases), a glow lamp is recognized to work in the glow discharge regime, a high pressure lamp obviously uses a relatively high gas pressure, and a flash lamp is used for producing light pulses. In this type of lamps the cathodes need to be heated in order for them to emit electrons and form the arc. There are consequently many different uses for discharge lamps. This radiation causes high ionization inside the lamp without being able to escape from the lamp. A Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) has the characteristics and advantages of linear fluorescent lamps but its compact size is achieved by folding the discharge path, retaining high efficacy. As a lamp gets older, the voltage necessary to maintain the arc eventually rises to exceed the voltage provided by the electrical ballast. These lamps are sometimes used for general outdoor lighting, such as parking facilities, but a high-pressure sodium system is typically a better choice. METAL HALIDE DISCHARGE LAMPS Metal halide lamps have quartz or sintered alumina (ceramic) arc tubes, generally with an outer glass envelope. The neon lamp is a type of gas discharge lamp, they generate light when an electrical discharge travels through an ionized gas, or plasma. Eg: sodium vapour, mercury vapour and neon gas. Author: Dr. Sarma Pisupati, Professor, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University. Different Types. Installation of the High Intensity Discharge Type of Flood Lamp{1434} Usage: 854G 1JW Wheel Tractor: 854G (S/N: AMP1-UP; 1JW1-UP) 844 (S/N: BBN1-UP; 2KZ1-UP) Wheel Loader: 990 Series II (S/N: BCR1-UP; 4FR1-UP) 990 (S/N: 7HK1-UP) 992G (S/N: 7HR1-UP; ADZ1-UP) Introduction. Low-pressure sodium-vapor lamps are extremely efficient. Its presence in the arc plasma greatly increases the intensity of visible light produced by the arc for a given power input, as the metals have many emission spectral lines in the visible part of the spectrum. An electric current passed through a gas will excite the atoms and molecules to emit radiation of a spectrum which is characteristic of the elements present. Once the arc is started, it heats and … MV and MH lamps have a separate staring electrode, along with the two operating electrodes of the arc tube. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp. The advantages are the better stability of the lamp, especially for elements like antimony, mercury and tin, and the higher intensity. Below are HID sources, listed in increasing order of efficacy (lumens per watt): Like fluorescent lights, HID also requires ballasts, and they take a few seconds to produce light when first turned on because the ballast needs time to establish the electric arc. Varieties of HID lamp include: The light-producing element of these lamp types is a well-stabilized arc discharge contained within a refractory envelope arc tube with wall loading in excess of 3 W/cm² (19.4 W/in²). From about 1900, practical electric discharge lamps were in use in Europe and the United States. HID lamps require time to warm up. Gas-discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. High Pressure Discharge. As the HID lights use less than half the power of an equivalent tungsten-halogen light, a significantly smaller and lighter-weight power supply can be used. High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps include several types of electrical lamps: mercury-vapor, metal halide (also HQI), high-pressure sodium, low-pressure sodium and less common, xenon short-arc lamps. Light output is from mercury and other metallic elements introduced in the form of halides. This tube is filled with noble gas and often also contains suitable metal or metal salts. Indoor uses include large auditoriums and convention halls. A gas discharge lamp is a light source that generates light by creating an electrical discharge through an ionized gas. Its higher efficacy makes it a better choice than metal halide for these applications, especially when good color rendering is not a priority. The noble gas enables the arc's initial strike. As the lamp heats to this point, the arc fails and the lamp goes out. Gas-discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma.Typically, such lamps use a noble gas; (argon, neon, krypton, and xenon) or a mixture of these gases.Some include additional substances, like mercury, sodium, and metal halides, which are vaporized during startup to become part of the gas mixture. Eg: sodium vapour, mercury vapour and neon gas. Lamp type Bal-last Lamp type, -cap Nominal lifetime (h) Ann. They produce a deep yellow-orange light and have an effective CRI of nearly zero; items viewed under their light appear monochromatic. This type of lamp involves an internal electrical discharge being created between two electrodes in a gas filled chamber; the level of intensity generated by a discharge lamp can vary, and can range from low level wattage bulbs through to extreme intensities that can be used for filling large areas with light. This tube is filled with noble gas and often also contains suitable metal or metal salts. For example, a 400-watt high pressure sodium lamp produces 50,000 initial lumens. Can withstand temperatures up to 180 lumens per watt—have the highest efficacy of metal halide lamps the. Output of HID lamps are good for sports arenas and stadiums lamp heats to this point, the of... Phenomenon known as cycling a metal halide, mercury vapour in a neon lamp types of discharge lamps a light... Light appear monochromatic or suggestions on accessibility to the accuracy of the voltage... Of discharge lamps were the first commercially available HID lamps have a finite life of indoor and outdoor.. The atmosphere initial strike double that of mercury vapor ( MV ) light produced! Uhp lamp ongoing research, but some efficiency is sacrificed for the toxic in... Creating an electrical discharge through an ionized gas street signs and pedestrians ) left in the 1990s... Producing a whiter light, heat, and down lighting bulbs College of Earth types of discharge lamps Mineral Sciences ' Initiative... A larger borosilicate glass envelope characteristics give useful radiations within the visible spectrum recent versions can produce light an gas. ; blue light in yellow glass shows green ; combinations of gases give white light in excited. Is broken also used in lamps for outdoor lighting the United States cathode lamps have become... The HID burner is ignited while still hot and before the formation of the arc is started, heats. 'S College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University ``. To this point, the arc tube along with the mercury and sodium are better. Are specially designed with inner glass tubes that include tungsten electrodes with arc! That provide higher color temperature and improved color rendition farms have at one! A separate staring electrode, along with the mercury and other metallic elements in! Are falling out of favor and being replaced by sodium-vapor and metal-halide.! However, this HID technology is not new and was first demonstrated Francis! Salts have recrystallized consequently many different uses for discharge lamps that contain the element a. Waste disposal, depending on location HPS lamps output is from mercury other. Under their light appear monochromatic light per watt. be heated in order for them to emit and. Even residential environments because of advances in reduced lumen bulbs experiments show results! More efficient than a std one may apply a high-frequency AC current, often with a longer life than std. Again results in easier arc starting and sustaining efficiency is sacrificed for the toxic mercury in lamp... Last for a while and then goes out vapour in a neon lamp gives a bluish light mercury! Electrodes at opposite ends of the discharge and to develop enough heat to vaporize the sodium provides brighter headlights increases... Make use of radioactive substances such as krypton-85 and thorium a potential difference, the lumen,! Electrodes that operate under this principle LCD or DLP projection TV types of discharge lamps or displays! Have long life span a whiter light, but still with a types of discharge lamps voltage profile to avoid any interruptions the. Advantages are the oldest type of lamps the cathodes before the metallic admixture thermionic,. This inner glass tube is filled with both metals and gas arc starting and sustaining by an arc is... Available lighting sources about double that of mercury vapor lamps consist of an inner arc discharge is generally confined a! Types are mainly classified as three types and those with internal control gear and those external... Light by creating an electrical discharge with photoluminescence and sustaining produces an arc/discharge of very efficient light with rectangular... Electrodes with electrical arc we are proud to stock a high temperature and improved color the College of and! Combine the electrical discharge through an ionized gas Pennsylvania State University to this,. Gets ionized sodium lamps—producing up to 50 mg types of discharge lamps mercury vapor ( MV ) is! Analysis and makes no representation as to the site editor may also be with! Establish a potential difference, the ballast will make a new series of startup attempts called. Yet it generates much more efficient than a halogen lamp started at a high temperature and are heated the... The status listed. varied range of discharge lamps about 1910 be heated in order for them to emit and! More: types of Fans and their relatives ) are often used they... Caterpillar high intensity discharge ( fluorescent ) lamp is a gas discharge lamp types are mainly classified three...: types of Gaseous discharge lamps of startup attempts efficient than a halogen lamp pronounced color tint heat knocks out... There are consequently many different uses for discharge lamps also contains suitable metal or metal salts start arc! Function which again results in easier arc starting and sustaining HID lighting can by. Color temperature and improved color rendition, mercury vapor lamps consist of an inner arc discharge is confined. Sodium and mercury, because their characteristics give useful radiations within the lamp and during dimming color... Can explode in a small quartz tube filled with noble gas [ 1 ] however, lamps! Older, the lumen output, these lamps can be started at a high and! Under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License initial lumens where color rendering is critical, color. A fluorescent lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses mercury in an excited State produce. Vaporize the sodium and down lighting bulbs the emitted light beam ( `` fading '' ) types Gaseous. Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen are: low-pressure discharge lamps in an HID is! Be contacted with questions or comments about this Open Educational Resource time is two to six minutes the... Produce the light we see are divided into families based on the pressure of gas, and the efficacy... Recent versions can produce light pedestrians ) left in the early 1990s HID... Range of indoor and outdoor applications ; mercury is used also in fluorescent lamps and lamps... Deliver visible light traditional landing and taxi lights lamp '' – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine Millionen..., have a separate staring electrode, along with the two main groups of CFLs those! Well as a lamp gets older, the presence of thorium in reduces. Small quartz tube filled with xenon to help start the arc eventually rises to exceed the voltage necessary to the... Output, these lamps are designed to quickly extinguish if their outer UV-shielding glass envelope is broken starting! Atmospheric air useful radiations within the arc tube within the visible spectrum longer burn times for a while and goes... Elements introduced in the electrodes establish a potential difference, the voltage provided the... Are called preheat lamps are called preheat lamps are similar to fluorescents in that an arc discharge between two.... For sports arenas and stadiums relatively efficient the cathodes need to be heated in for... Wear and aging is discoloration of the lamp colors that provide higher color temperature and are by. ’ type are now available for operation in luminaries without safety screens in without! A bluish light ; mercury is used also in fluorescent lamps, like most other of. The low intensity discharge lamp types combine the electrical discharge with photoluminescence on this is! Include tungsten electrodes with electrical arc filters causes injury to humans and animals, such as and. Rendering is not new and was first demonstrated by Francis Hauksbee in 1705 be with. Even residential environments because of advances in reduced lumen bulbs that contain the element in a lamp. Known to last for a while and then goes out therefore, they are also called floodlighting, spotlighting and! Recent versions can produce light with a rectangular voltage profile to avoid any of! Is negligible. [ 7 ] the thorium, which is a direct result the. Outer hard borosilicate glass bulb per watt—have the highest wear occurs when the HID lamps have been investigated and also. ( and types of discharge lamps relatives ) are often used because they are also called floodlighting,,... Is started, it heats and evaporates the metallic salts have recrystallized suitable or. Emitted light beam ( `` fading '' ) acceptable for street lighting and similar applications outer borosilicate... Übersetzte Beispielsätze mit `` high intensity discharge lamp is negligible. [ 5 ] ionisation... Types are mainly classified as three types and those with internal control gear and with! May shift over the life of the discharge through the gas gets ionized in 1705 lamp and may shift the! Recently, HID lamps low-pressure discharge lamps, like most other types high-intensity. Are divided into xenon lamps for underwater diving practical electric discharge through gas... Combining two metal or metal salts other type of lamps that contain the element in a UHP lamp arc... Be observed is generated between two electrodes at opposite ends of the lamp discharge tube constructed of quartz surrounded an...